Requirements

Design a scalable Chess game capable of handling 1 million concurrent games, we need to focus on both the core functionality of Chess and the scalability aspects. Below are the detailed features required:

1. Standard Chess Rules Implementation:

   • Piece Movement: Accurate movement rules for all pieces (Pawn, Rook, Knight, Bishop, Queen, King).

   • Special Moves: Support for castling, en passant, and pawn promotion.

   • Check and Checkmate Detection: Algorithms to detect check, checkmate, and stalemate conditions.

   • Draw Conditions: Implement rules for draw situations (threefold repetition, the fifty-move rule, insufficient material).

2. Scalable Architecture:

   • Efficient Data Structures: Use memory-efficient structures to handle a large number of game instances.

   • Concurrency Management: Thread-safe operations to handle simultaneous games without conflicts.

   • Resource Optimization: Implement the Flyweight pattern to minimize memory usage for identical objects.

3. Game Management:

   • Game Lifecycle: Create, update, and terminate games efficiently.

   • Player Management: Handle player sessions and their interactions with games.

   • Move Validation: Ensure all moves are legal according to the game state.

4. Design Patterns Implementation:

   • Utilize appropriate design patterns (Factory, Singleton, Observer, Strategy, Command, Flyweight) to create a maintainable and scalable codebase.

5. Persistence and State Management:

   • Saving and Loading: Ability to persist game states to a database or in-memory data store.

   • Undo/Redo Functionality: Implement command history for moves to allow undo/redo actions.

6. Algorithm Efficiency:

   • Optimize algorithms for move validation and game state checks to ensure performance does not degrade with scale.

Solution

Will be Covered in Our LLD Course - http://interview.lldcoding.com/course/low-level-design-and-concurrency-machine-coding-course-360